Monday, 27 January 2020

Aqsa Khan- BS 29 English Article

Seems ok 
Threat’s Of Population Growth.
Social values and unawareness are root cause
Aqsa Khan
2k18/MC/29
Is there dire need to control the population?
Is over population a threat to our country?
Overpopulation is one of the main drawbacks of Pakistan. We all are aware from the threats of increased population in Pakistan, but the question arises that how the laws for it can be executed and how can we change the mind-set of people? Pakistan’s growth rate currently was predict to be 120 million in 1947 but it is 220 million now, which is a big warning for the future of Pakistan. According to US census bureau, Pakistan is on 5th populous country with growing population of 212.7 million.
There are many reasons behind the rapid growth in population, but the reason behind it is that people don’t know the problems which can be caused because of growing population; they are unaware of the surroundings and issues related to the country.
The common reason of it is lack of awareness and education, as people are poor and they can’t have education. So, either they don’t have education or they are not aware of the problems of overpopulation.
Many citizens of Pakistan think that, if they have more family members, they can earn more and support each other financially and emotionally.
With speedy technological advancement in the science and fertility treatment those who can’t have child go for this treatment and because of the side-effects and effective medicines, they are able to conceive rapidly and it leads to rise in the over population.
 Many of the people in Pakistan are not educated, so they don’t have knowledge about anything related to family planning or they get their children married in a very young age because of backward mind-set, so automatically the birth ratio increases.
In Pakistan, as a Muslim country, it is a strong belief to expand one’s family from a religious point of view; they think that it is in Islam to increase one’s family. From a recent report a man from Quetta had 50+ children from 3 wives and was further planning to enlarge his family.
 The rich countries continue to take advantage of resources at very reasonable rates and on the other hand we are in mess, the water is only 1% fresh as the growing population is making it impossible for fresh water to stand and many other resources are unavailable for sustainable life, it is also causing problem to the local land as the artificial system for food growth is dangerous.
The chances of infections and diseases spreading are more because of increased population people are living at a very near distance and have a chance to get infected instantly.
The population is also a reason in climate change as the large amount of people cause large dirt and execration in the surrounding, 97% of scientific community says that humans are responsible for changes in climate.
To stop the rapid increase in growth, and control the population; it is important to educated people from a young age about family planning, over population and why is it important to control the growth.
It is on Government and private organization to form policies, and start awareness campaign to educate and discuss why it is important to control over population.
The birth control-methods and pills should be in every area, both men and women over there should be educated about the ways to control the births and usage of it.
Adoption should be one of the ways to control the population and help the needy as the couples who can’t have child, should adopt one except going for the expensive medical treatment. It will help with the child and the overpopulation, as the child would have a home and parenting figure to look after him.

Practical work carried under supervision of Sir Sohail Sangi, at Institute of Media & Communication Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan





Abdul Wahab- BS- 08 Sindhi- Article 08

Revised
file name is wrong 
Editors pls check note below comments and see why it was referred back and has student followed the instruction?

سنڌ ۾ وڌندڙ غربت
عبدالوهاب
2k18/MC/08
غربت هڪ  احساس آهي جيڪو اڪثر انسان محسوس ته ڪندا آهن پر اڪثر پاڻ تي اچڻ ناهن ڏيندا هن معاشري ۾ غريب ٿيئڻ به شايد ڏوه آهي جيڪي ڪمائڻ جي باوجود به سزائون پيا ڀوڳن.
بيروزگارئ جي ڪري غربت ۾ واڌارو  اچي رهيو آهي ۽ اهيو پڙهيل لکيل فرد لاء ڪنهن غار کان گهٽ نه آهي  ۽ غربت مان ڇوٽڪارو حاصل ڪرڻ لاء نه صرف حڪومت کي بلڪي نوجوانن کي پنهنجو ڪردار ادا ڪرڻو پوندو.
غربت معاشري کي چڱئ طرح متاثر ڪري ٿي غربت انسان تي ڪيترائي اثر ڇڏي ٿي ۽ انسان جي اندر ۾ لاقانونيت
وارا وسوسا پيدا ٿين ٿا ۽ ان سان نه صرف انسان پاڻ متاثر ٿئي ٿو پر ملڪي ترقئ لاء به خطرو آهي
جنهن ملڪ ۾ بيروگاري هوندي آهي ته اتان جا ماڻهو مفلوج بڻجي ويندا آهن جنهن جو مثال اسان جي سامهون سنڌ جي
عوام جي صورت ۾ آهي جيڪي اهڙي زندگي جيئڻ کان مرڻ بهتر ٿا سمجهن ۽ اهيو ئي سبب آهي جو سنڌ ۾ خدڪشين
جا واقعا به وڌندا وڃن ٿا.
هڪ فرد جي غربت ۽ بيروزگارئ جي ڪري معاشي بدحالي پيدا ٿئي ٿي ۽ اها غربت سماج کي متاثر ڪري ٿي.نوجوان
معاشي ضرورتون پوريون ڪرڻ لاء غيرقانوني سرگرمين ۾ ملوث ٿي وڃن ٿا جن جو انت انتهائي ڀيانڪ آهي ان کا
علاوه هنن وٽ ٻيو ڪو رستو به بچي ڪون ٿو.
سنڌ ۾ غربت بابت اسٽيٽ بينڪ پاڪستان جي رپورٽ مطابق سنڌ 70 جي  سيڪڙو سنڌ جي آبادي غربت جهڙي مسئلي کي منهن ڏئي رهي آهي جنهن جا 50 سيڪڙو اهڙا ماڻهو آهن جيڪي غريب کان غريب ترين آهن جيڪي انتهائي فاقاڪشي جو شڪار بڻيل آهن جن لاء زندگي جيئڻ به هڪ سزا بڻيڻ آهي.
اسان کي غربت جهڙي اهم مسئلي کان آزاد ٿيئڻ لاء دنيا جي ترقي يافته  قومن جي نوجوانن وانگر سوچڻو
پوندو جيڪي پنهنجو پاڻ کي هر اداري ۾ مڃرايو ويٺا آهن ۽ هڪ طرف اسان جيڪي پاڻ تائين محدود ۽ حڪومت تي
ڀاڙيو ويٺا آهيون اسان کي پنهنجي سوچ جي معيار کي وسيع رکڻو پوندو،اسان کي فني توڙي مهارتي تعليم ڏانهن لاڙو
رکڻ کپي ڇاڪاڻ ته هن تعليم جو وڌ ۾ وڌ اهو فائدو آهي ته ماڻهو ڪنهن به شعبي ۾ تربيت حاصل ڪرڻ کان پوء پنهنجي
صلاحيتن جو ڀرپور نموني استعمال ڪري غربت مان ڇوٽڪارو حاصل ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ ان سان غربت ڪنهن حد
گهٽ ٿي سگهي ٿي.
هر سال سنڌ جي آبادي ۾ واڌ اچي رهي آهي اهوئي سبب آهي سنڌ اندر وسيلن جي کوٽ اچي رهي آهي جنهن ۾ صحت،تعليم ۽ صفائي ۽ خاص ڪري غربت کي جنم ڏئي رهي آهي.
سنڌ ۾ وڌندڙ غربت جو هڪ سبب اهو به آهي ته اسان جا نوجوان ڊگريون حاصل ڪرڻ جي باوجود به بيروزگار لڳا
ويٺا آهن ۽ حڪومت انهن جي مستقبل لاء ڪو به قدم نه پئي کڻي جيڪي اڳتي هلي انهئ حڪومت جي ترقئ جو سبب
بڻجندا.جيڪڏهن ڳاله ڪجي ڪجه پرائيويٽ ادارن جي ته سنڌ اندر هزارن توڙِي لکن جي تعدا ۾ پرائيويٽ ڪمپنيون ڪم
ڪري رهيون آهن پر افسوس جو انهن ۾ ڪم ڪندڙ ماڻهو سنڌ جا تمام گهٽ ملندا جنهن جو مثال اسان ڪراچي شهر جو
وٺي سگهون ٿا.
غربت جهڙي سيلاب کي بند ڏيئڻ لاء اهو ضروري آهي ته ٺيڪيدارن کان ڀتاخوري نه ورتي وڃي ته هو مناسب پگهار
تي اتان جا مقامي ماڻهو ڪم تي رکي سگهن.
سنڌ ۾ غربت وڌڻ جو سبب اهو به آهي ته ٻاهران آيل ماڻهن کي چند پئسن جي خاطر هتان جي سناخت ڏئي سنڌ جي ماڻهن
جي حق مار ڪئي ٿي وڃي انهن کي سنڌ جو ڊوميسائيل ڏنو ٿو وڃي جيڪڏهن وفاق جي طرفان نوڪرين جو اعلان ٿئي
ٿو ته اهي به انهن کي ئي مهيا ڪيون وڃن ٿيون اهڙيون سرگرميون سنڌ ۾ بند هئڻ کپن ته جيئن غريب عوام کي غربت
جهڙي بيماري مان ڇوٽڪارو ملي سگهي.
اسان جي نوجوانن کي غربت جهڙي باه کان بچڻ لاء تعليم سان گڏوگڏ هنر اچڻ به لازمي آهي جهن سان مستقل ۾ تن کي


نوڪريون نه هئڻ جي صورت ۾ ڪنهن غلط سرگرمئ ۾ وڃڻ بداران هو پنهنجو محنت جو روزگار ڪري سگهن.


Prove it thru figures facts can be found in different govt and research reports.
U can not have article without figures and facts.
What is poverty, define in 1-2 sentences/ Lack of opportunities is also poverty 
Population inflow from different countries and areas is also main reason in Sindh. Give those figures.
They have got state machinery support
This piece will be published, so u have to get it revised accordingly.
File revised till Sunday Feb 2. 
سنڌ ۾ وڌندڙ غربت
عبدالوهاب
2k18/MC/08
سنڌ ۾ وڌندڙ بيروگارئ جي ڪري غربت ۾ اضافو اچي رهيو آهي ۽ هڪ پڙهيل لکيل فرد لاء اهيو ڪنهن غار کان گهٽ نه آهي ۽ غربت مان ڇوٽڪارو حاصل ڪرڻ لاء نه صرف حڪومت کي بلڪي نوجوانن کي پنهنجو ڪردار ادا ڪرڻو پوندو.
غربت معاشري کي چڱئ طرح متاثر ڪري ٿي غربت انسان تي ڪيترائي اثر ڇڏي ٿي ۽ انسان جي اندر ۾ لاقانونيت وارا 
وسوسا پيدا ٿين ٿا ۽ ان سان نه صرف انسان پاڻ متاثر ٿئي ٿو پر ملڪي ترقئ لاء به خطرو آهي.
Following para can be deleted
دنيا جٿي چنڊ تي پهچي چڪي آهي ۽ دنيا جا ملڪ پنهنجي نوجوانن کي هٿي ڏيارڻ لاء انهن جي بهترين مستقبل لاء بهترين اقدام ڪري رهي آهي اتي پاڪستان جي ٻين صوبن جي ڀيٽ ۾ سنڌ صوبو اهو واحد صوبو آهي جٿي جا پڙهيل لکيل نوجوان به بيروزگار،غربت ۽ تنگئ جو شڪار لڳا ويٺا آهن جن جي انگ ۾ ڏينهنون ڏينهن اضافو ٿيندو پيو وڃي،سنڌ معدني وسيلن سان مالامال هئڻ جي باوجود  آخر ڇو هتان جا نوجوان بيروزگاري ۽ غربت جهڙِي زنجيرن ۾ جڪڙيل آهن.
جنهن ملڪ ۾ بيروگاري هوندي آهي ته اتان جا ماڻهو مفلوج بڻجي ويندا آهن جنهن جو مثال اسان جي سامهون سنڌ جي عوام جي صورت ۾ آهي جيڪي اهڙي زندگي جيئڻ کان مرڻ بهتر ٿا سمجهن ۽ اهيو ئي سبب  آهي جو سنڌ ۾ خدڪشين جا واقعا به وڌندا وڃن ٿا.
هڪ فرد جي غربت ۽ بيروزگارئ جي ڪري معاشي بدحالي پيدا ٿئي ٿي ۽ اها غربت سماج کي متاثر ڪري ٿي.نوجوان معاشي ضرورتون پوريون ڪرڻ لاء غيرقانوني سرگرمين ۾ ملوث ٿي وڃن ٿا جن جو انت انتهائي ڀيانڪ آهي ان کا علاوه هنن وٽ ٻيو ڪو رستو به بچي ڪون ٿو.
اسان کي غربت جهڙي اهم مسئلي کان آزاد ٿيئڻ لاء دنيا جي ترقي يافته جي قومن جي نوجوانن وانگر سوچڻو پوندوجيڪي پنهنجو پاڻ کي هر اداري ۾  مڃرايو ويٺا آهن ۽ هڪ طرف اسان جيڪي پاڻ تائين محدود ۽ حڪومت تي ڀاڙيو ويٺا آهيون اسان کي پنهنجي سوچ جي معيار کي وسيع رکڻو پوندو،اسان کي فني توڙي مهارتي تعليم ڏانهن لاڙو رکڻ کپي ڇاڪاڻ ته هن تعليم جو وڌ ۾ وڌ اهو فائدو آهي ته ماڻهو ڪنهن به شعبي ۾ تربيت حاصل ڪرڻ کان پوء پنهنجي صلاحيتن جو ڀرپور نموني استعمال ڪري غربت مان ڇوٽڪارو حاصل ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ ان سان غربت ڪنهن حد گهٽ ٿي سگهي ٿي..
سنڌ ۾ وڌندڙ غربت جو هڪ سبب اهو به آهي ته اسان جا نوجوان ڊگريون حاصل ڪرڻ جي باوجود به بيروزگار لڳا ويٺا آهن ۽ حڪومت انهن جي مستقبل لاء ڪو به قدم نه پئي کڻي جيڪي اڳتي هلي انهئ حڪومت جي ترقئ جو سبب بڻجندا.جيڪڏهن ڳاله ڪجي ڪجه پرائيويٽ ادارن جي ته سنڌ هزارن توڙِي لکن جي تعدا ۾ پرائيويٽ ڪمپنيون ڪم ڪري رهيون آهن پر افسوس جو انهن ۾ ڪم ڪندڙ ماڻهو سنڌ جا تمام گهٽ ملندا جنهن جو مثال اسان ڪراچي شهر جو وٺي سگهون ٿا.
غربت جهڙي سيلاب کي بند ڏيئڻ لاء اهو ضروري آهي ته ٺيڪيدارن کان ڀتاخوري نه ورتي وچي ته هو مناسب پگهار تي اتان جا مقامي ماڻهو ڪم تي رکي سگهن .
سنڌ ۾ غربت وڌڻ جو سبب اهو به آهي ته ٻاهران آيل ماڻهن کي چند پئسن جي خاطر هتان جي سناخت ڏئي سنڌ جي ماڻهن جي حق مار ڪئي ٿي وڃي انهن کي سنڌ جو ڊوميسائيل ڏنو ٿو وڃي جيڪڏهن وفاق جي طرفان نوڪرين جو اعلان ٿئي ٿو ته اهي به انهن کي ئي مهيا ڪيون وڃن ٿيون اهڙيون سرگرميون سنڌ ۾ بند هئڻ کپن ته جيئن غريب عوام کي غربت جهڙي بيماري مان ڇوٽڪارو ملي سگهي.
اسان جي نوجوانن کي غربت جهڙي باه کان بچڻ لاء تعليم سان گڏوگڏ هنر اچڻ به لازمي آهي جهن سان مستقل ۾ تن کي نوڪريون نه هئڻ جي صورت ۾ ڪنهن غلط سرگرمئ ۾ وڃڻ بداران هو پنهنجو محنت جو روزگار ڪري سگهن.


Zohaib Solangi, Sindhi, Article 156(2k17)

Revised

File name wrong, last chance, next time will not be considered.

      ڄامشورو شهر ۾ فقيرن جو وڌندڙ رجحان
نالو: زوهيب سولنگي
رول نمبر: 156/ ايم سي/ ٽوڪي سيونٽين- ايٽين

المنظر کان آمريڪا جي ايوانن تائين درسگاهن جي ڪري مشهور ڄامشورو شھر ۾ نه صرف پاڪستان دنيا جي ڪنڊ ڪڙڇ جي ملڪن مان ڪيترائي نوجوان علم جي اڃ اجھائڻ لاءِ اچن ٿا. علم پرائڻ جو مقصد سکڻ ۽ شعور حاصل ڪرڻ هوندو آهي. ان مقصد لاءِ ڄامشورو شهر ۾ جتي هيڏا وڏا ادارا آهن جن جو ڪم سيکارڻ هجي ٿو انهيءَ شهر منجهه ڪيترائي اڻ ڳڻيا مسئلا پڻ موجود آهن جن مان پنڻ جو آزار بہ شامل آهي. ڪيترائي ماڻهو بيروزگاري سبب يا وري ان کي ڪاروبار بڻائي عورتن ۽ ٻارڙن سميت پنن ٿا ڄامشورو شهر جيڪو لڳ ڀڳ ٻه لک جي آبادي تي مشتمل آهي جتي ڪجهه سال اڳ گهٽ آبادي هجڻ ڪري  فقيرن جو تعداد به گهٽ هو هڪ اندازي مطابق پنج سو هو جيڪو ڏينهون ڏينهن وڌندڙ آبادي سان گڏ وڌندڙ بيروزگاري ۽ مهنگائي سبب پينو فقيرن جو تعداد وڌي هڪ هزار تائين وڃي پهتي آهي، هتي ٻار، وڏا، پوڙھا ۽ عورتون پنڻ جي ڌنڌي سان لڳل آهن. اهي پينو فقير مختلف ٽولن جي صورت ۾ شهر مختلف علائقن، بس اڏن، اسپتالن ۽ ادارن ۾ صبح جو سوير نڪري وڃن ٿا سڄو ڏينهن پنڻ کان پوءِ هزاري رپيا کڻي پنهنجي گهرن ڏانهن واپس ورن ٿا. جڏهن اسين ڄامشوري جي مختلف علائقن تي نظر وجهنداسين ته غريب آباد وارو علائقو، سنڌ يونيورسٽي جي پيٽرول پمپ وارو علائقو، پير باجيدي، مهراڻ يونيورسٽي جي سامهون زمين، سم نالي واري جهڳين ۾ سوين پينو فقير نظر ايندا جيڪي صبح جو سوير ٻچن ٻارن سميت ڄامشورو شهر ۾ يونيورسٽين، اسپتالن، هوٽلن، رستن جي چوراهن توڙي مخصوص ڪيل هنڌن تي ٽولن جي صورت ۾ پنڻ لاءِ پهچي وڃن ٿا. انهن پينو فقيرن جا مختلف طريقا هجن ٿا. ڪجهه الله جو واسطو ڏئي ماڻهن کان خير وٺن ٿا ته وري ڪجه فقير مختلف صدا هڻي پنن ٿا يا وري ڪجهه معذوري ۽ بيوس ڄاڻائي يا وري گهرجي ڀاتين جو بيمار هجڻ ڄاڻائي خيرات وٺن ٿا. جنهن ۾ ڳاڙهي ڪنوار ملڻ، پٽ ڄمڻ،  اميد پوري ٿيڻ، امتحان ۾ پاس ٿيڻ، نوڪري ملڻ، نوڪري ۾ ترقي ملڻ، ڪاروبار ۾ واڌارو ٿيڻ جون صدائون هڻي خيرات جي گهر ڪئي ويندي آهي وري اهڙا به سفيد پوش ماڻهو آهن جيڪي ڪرايو ختم ٿي وڃڻ، پئسا نڪري وڃڻ جا سبب ڄاڻائي خيرات وٺن ٿا ته ڪي وري مسجدن جي درن تي ويهي خيرات وٺن ٿا. اهڙن ڌنڌوڙي پينو فقيرن جي ڪري خيرات جا حقدار ماڻهو دربدر ۽ پريشان نظر اچن ٿا. انهن مافيائن جا سرپرست سفيد پوش ماڻهو غيرقانوني ڏوهن ۽ واقعن ۾ ملوث هجن ٿا. انهن پينو فقير مافيائن جي اندر ڪجهه اهڙا عنصر به موجود هجن ٿا جيڪي شهر جي امن امان کي خراب ڪرڻ ۾ به ملوث هجن ٿا، جهڙوڪ مخبري ڪرڻ، چوريون ڪرائڻ، ڀنگ لاءِ اغوا، فحاشي جا،  جوا جا آڏا هلائڻ سميت منشيات جي وڪري جهڙن خطرناڪ ڏوهن ۾ به ملوث هجن ٿا، جيڪي پينو فقيرن جي جهوپڙين کي محفوظ هنڌ سمجهي استعمال ڪن ٿا ايتري قدر جو نوجوان فقيرياڻين جا ٽولا شهر جي هوٽلن تي ويهي سگريٽن جا ڪش هڻي ۽ فحش حرڪتون ڪندي نوجوانن توڙي عام ماڻهن کي پاڻ ڏانهن متوجهه ڪري پنڻ جي نالي تي لٽمار ڪن ٿيون. انهن پينو فقير مافيائن جي پويان ڪيترائي وائيٽ ڪالر ماڻهو پٺ ڀرائي ڪندي نظر اچن ٿا، مختلف تي پينو فقيرن سان ٿيندڙ مامرن کي راڄوڻي توڙي پوليس ۽ ڪورٽ ڪچهري ۾ حل ڪرائين ٿا، جنهن ۾ خود فقيرن اندر حدن جو مسئلو هجي يا جهيڙو جهٽو يا وري پينو فقيرن سان دريش مسئلن کي نبيريندي نظر اچن ٿا. ڄامشورو ۾ پنندڙ فقيرن اندر وڏي تعداد ۾ معصوم ٻارڙن جي ھجي ٿي، جيڪي منٿن ميڙن ذريعي ماڻهن کان پئسا وٺڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪجهه وري اهڙا به فقير آهن جيڪي پئسا نه ڏيڻ تي ماڻهن کي گار گند ۽ مارڪٽ به ڪن ٿا. انهيءَ ۾ به ڪو به شڪ ناهي ته هتي پنندڙ فقيرن جي پنڻ جون به جايون مقرر ٿيل هجن ٿيون ۽ ڪنهن به نئين آيل فقير کي سندن پنڻ جي جاءِ تي بيهي پنڻ به نه ڏنو ويندو آهي، اهو ٻڌي ٿوري حيرانگي به ٿيندي ته هڪ هڪ رپيو ڪري پينو فقير سراسري طور 300 رپيا روزانو، مهيني ۾  9 هزار جڏهن ته هڪ لک 8 هزار ساليانو گهر کڻي وڃن ٿا،  انهيءَ طريقي سان صرف ڄامشورو شهر مان ڌنڌوڙي پينو فقير ساليانه 7 ڪروڙ 56 لک رپيا ڦرن ٿا. سروي دوران اهو به معلوم ٿيو آهي ته ڄامشورو ٿاڻي تي شراب، چرس، ڀنگ جي وڪري فحاشي جا آڏا هلائڻ ۽ جوا ڪرائڻ جي الزامن وارا ٻن ڊزنن کان وڌيڪ ڪيس اهڙن مرد توڙي عورت پينو فقيرن مٿان داخل ڪيل آهن. سروي دوران اهو به سوال پيدا ٿيو ته آخرڪار ايڏي وڏي تعداد ۾ هتي فقير ڇو موجود آهن ته ان جو اڪثريت ۾ اهو جواب مليو ته ٻين شهرن جي نسبت هتي جي آبادي ۾ بيروزگاري گهڻي آهي، هتي اسپتال آهي، تعليمي ادارا آهن، سپر هاءِ وي، انڊس هاءِ وي، نيشنل هاءِ وي جا پاڻ جوڙ، انهن جا بس اسٽاپ، ريلوي اسٽيشن سوڌو ٻيا ڪيترائي ادارا موجود آهن جيڪي انهن پينو فقيرن جي ججهي روزي جو سبب بڻجڻ ٿا، هن وقت ضرورت انهيءَ ڳالھ جي آھي ته خيرات ڏيڻ وقت اهو ضرور سوچڻ گهرجي ته اسين جيڪي پئسا ڏيون ٿا اهي مستحق ماڻهو کي ڏيو ٿا يا نه ۽ حڪومت کي به گهرجي ته معاشري کي صاف ۽ شفاف رکڻ لاءِ انهن ڌنڌوڙي پينو فقيرن خلاف ڪارروائي ڪري ته جيئن ملڪ مان پنڻ ۽ خيرات گهرڻ وارو موذي مرض ختم ٿي سگهي ۽ ان جي آڙ ۾ ٿيندڙ ڏوهه بند ٿي سگهن.

    
  ڄامشورو شهر ۾ فقيرن جو وڌندڙ رجحان
نالو: زوهيب سولنگي
رول نمبر: 156/ ايم سي/ ٽوڪي سيونٽين- ايٽين

المنظر کان آمريڪا جي ايوانن تائين درسگاهن جي ڪري مشهور ڄامشورو شھر ۾ نه صرف پاڪستان دنيا جي ڪنڊ ڪڙڇ جي ملڪن مان ڪيترائي نوجوان علم جي اڃ اجھائڻ لاءِ اچن ٿا. علم پرائڻ جو مقصد سکڻ ۽ شعور حاصل ڪرڻ هوندو آهي. ان مقصد لاءِ ڄامشورو شهر ۾ جتي هيڏا وڏا ادارا آهن جن جو ڪم سيکارڻ هجي ٿو انهيءَ شهر منجهه ڪيترائي اڻ ڳڻيا مسئلا پڻ موجود آهن جن مان پنڻ جو آزار بہ شامل آهي. ڪيترائي ماڻهو بيروزگاري سبب يا وري ان کي ڪاروبار بڻائي عورتن ۽ ٻارڙن سميت پنن ٿا ڄامشورو شهر جيڪو لڳ ڀڳ ٻه لک جي آبادي تي مشتمل آهي جتي ٽي سال اڳ گهٽ آبادي هجڻ ڪري فقيرن جو تعداد به گهٽ هو هڪ اندازي مطابق پنج سو فقير هوا جيڪو ڏينهون ڏينهن وڌندڙ آبادي سان گڏ وڌندڙ بيروزگاري ۽ مهنگائي سبب پينو فقيرن جو تعداد وڌي ست سئو تائين وڃي پهتو آهي، هتي ٻار، وڏا، پوڙھا ۽ عورتون پنڻ جي ڌنڌي سان لڳل آهن. اهي پينو فقير مختلف ٽولن جي صورت ۾ شهر مختلف علائقن، بس اڏن، اسپتالن ۽ ادارن ۾ صبح جو سوير نڪري وڃن ٿا سڄو ڏينهن پنڻ کان پوءِ هزاري رپيا کڻي پنهنجي گهرن ڏانهن واپس ورن ٿا. جڏهن اسين ڄامشوري جي مختلف علائقن تي نظر وجهنداسين ته غريب آباد وارو علائقو، سنڌ يونيورسٽي جي پيٽرول پمپ وارو علائقو، پير باجيدي، مهراڻ يونيورسٽي جي سامهون زمين، سم نالي واري جهڳين ۾ سوين پينو فقير نظر ايندا جيڪي صبح جو سوير ٻچن ٻارن سميت ڄامشورو شهر ۾ يونيورسٽين، اسپتالن، هوٽلن، رستن جي چوراهن توڙي مخصوص ڪيل هنڌن تي ٽولن جي صورت ۾ پنڻ لاءِ پهچي وڃن ٿا. انهن پينو فقيرن جا مختلف طريقا هجن ٿا. ڪجهه الله جو واسطو ڏئي ماڻهن کان خير وٺن ٿا ته وري ڪجه فقير مختلف صدا هڻي پنن ٿا يا وري ڪجهه معذوري ۽ بيوس ڄاڻائي يا وري گهرجي ڀاتين جو بيمار هجڻ ڄاڻائي خيرات وٺن ٿا. جنهن ۾ ڳاڙهي ڪنوار ملڻ، پٽ ڄمڻ،  اميد پوري ٿيڻ، امتحان ۾ پاس ٿيڻ، نوڪري ملڻ، نوڪري ۾ ترقي ملڻ، ڪاروبار ۾ واڌارو ٿيڻ جون صدائون هڻي خيرات جي گهر ڪئي ويندي آهي وري اهڙا به سفيد پوش ماڻهو آهن جيڪي ڪرايو ختم ٿي وڃڻ، پئسا نڪري وڃڻ جا سبب ڄاڻائي خيرات وٺن ٿا ته ڪي وري مسجدن جي درن تي ويهي خيرات وٺن ٿا. اهڙن ڌنڌوڙي پينو فقيرن جي ڪري خيرات جا حقدار ماڻهو دربدر ۽ پريشان نظر اچن ٿا. انهن مافيائن جا سرپرست سفيد پوش ماڻهو غيرقانوني ڏوهن ۽ واقعن ۾ ملوث هجن ٿا. انهن پينو فقير مافيائن جي اندر ڪجهه اهڙا عنصر به موجود هجن ٿا جيڪي شهر جي امن امان کي خراب ڪرڻ ۾ به ملوث هجن ٿا، جهڙوڪ مخبري ڪرڻ، چوريون ڪرائڻ، ڀنگ لاءِ اغوا، فحاشي جا،  جوا جا آڏا هلائڻ سميت منشيات جي وڪري جهڙن خطرناڪ ڏوهن ۾ به ملوث هجن ٿا، جيڪي پينو فقيرن جي جهوپڙين کي محفوظ هنڌ سمجهي استعمال ڪن ٿا ايتري قدر جو نوجوان فقيرياڻين جا ٽولا شهر جي هوٽلن تي ويهي سگريٽن جا ڪش هڻي ۽ فحش حرڪتون ڪندي نوجوانن توڙي عام ماڻهن کي پاڻ ڏانهن متوجهه ڪري پنڻ جي نالي تي لٽمار ڪن ٿيون. انهن پينو فقير مافيائن جي پويان ڪيترائي وائيٽ ڪالر ماڻهو پٺ ڀرائي ڪندي نظر اچن ٿا، مختلف تي پينو فقيرن سان ٿيندڙ مامرن کي راڄوڻي توڙي پوليس ۽ ڪورٽ ڪچهري ۾ حل ڪرائين ٿا، جنهن ۾ خود فقيرن اندر حدن جو مسئلو هجي يا جهيڙو جهٽو يا وري پينو فقيرن سان دريش مسئلن کي نبيريندي نظر اچن ٿا. ڄامشورو ۾ پنندڙ فقيرن اندر وڏي تعداد ۾ معصوم ٻارڙن جي ھجي ٿي، جيڪي منٿن ميڙن ذريعي ماڻهن کان پئسا وٺڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿي وڃن ٿا ۽ ڪجهه وري اهڙا به فقير آهن جيڪي پئسا نه ڏيڻ تي ماڻهن کي گار گند ۽ مارڪٽ به ڪن ٿا. انهيءَ ۾ به ڪو به شڪ ناهي ته هتي پنندڙ فقيرن جي پنڻ جون به جايون مقرر ٿيل هجن ٿيون ۽ ڪنهن به نئين آيل فقير کي سندن پنڻ جي جاءِ تي بيهي پنڻ به نه ڏنو ويندو آهي، اهو ٻڌي ٿوري حيرانگي به ٿيندي ته هڪ هڪ رپيو ڪري پينو فقير سراسري طور 300 رپيا روزانو، مهيني ۾  9 هزار جڏهن ته هڪ لک 8 هزار ساليانو گهر کڻي وڃن ٿا،  انهيءَ طريقي سان صرف ڄامشورو شهر مان ڌنڌوڙي پينو فقير ساليانه 7 ڪروڙ 56 لک رپيا ڦرن ٿا. سروي دوران اهو به معلوم ٿيو آهي ته ڄامشورو ٿاڻي تي شراب، چرس، ڀنگ جي وڪري فحاشي جا آڏا هلائڻ ۽ جوا ڪرائڻ جي الزامن وارا ٻن ڊزنن کان وڌيڪ ڪيس اهڙن مرد توڙي عورت پينو فقيرن مٿان داخل ڪيل آهن. سروي دوران اهو به سوال پيدا ٿيو ته آخرڪار ايڏي وڏي تعداد ۾ هتي فقير ڇو موجود آهن ته ان جو اڪثريت ۾ اهو جواب مليو ته ٻين شهرن جي نسبت هتي جي آبادي ۾ بيروزگاري گهڻي آهي، هتي اسپتال آهي، تعليمي ادارا آهن، سپر هاءِ وي، انڊس هاءِ وي، نيشنل هاءِ وي جا پاڻ جوڙ، انهن جا بس اسٽاپ، ريلوي اسٽيشن سوڌو ٻيا ڪيترائي ادارا موجود آهن جيڪي انهن پينو فقيرن جي ججهي روزي جو سبب بڻجڻ ٿا، هن وقت ضرورت انهيءَ ڳالھ جي آھي ته خيرات ڏيڻ وقت اهو ضرور سوچڻ گهرجي ته اسين جيڪي پئسا ڏيون ٿا اهي مستحق ماڻهو کي ڏيو ٿا يا نه ۽ حڪومت کي به گهرجي ته معاشري کي صاف ۽ شفاف رکڻ لاءِ انهن ڌنڌوڙي پينو فقيرن خلاف ڪارروائي ڪري ته جيئن ملڪ مان پنڻ ۽ خيرات گهرڻ وارو موذي مرض ختم ٿي سگهي ۽ ان جي آڙ ۾ ٿيندڙ ڏوهه بند ٿي سگهن..

Rabia Noor, English, Article

Revised
   IMAGINATION
Article-Revised-RABIA NOOR 2K18/MC/124
Do you imagine your entire life that what is  going  to be happen in future?
We all know that only God knows what will be happen next  in our lives .  but  still we  imagine our present, we imagine our  future , we make  plans ,which boost our energy. It helps us to make goals in our lives.  The  best  example  is  ALLAMA  IQBAL’s  thought was to make a separate homeland (Pakistan), but he died .  Later  Quaid-e-Azam  fulfill  his dream. And the current example is Mark Zuckerberg. He was passionate about techonology . he always think and  want to connect people with each other by using  technology , so he did. He worked on his dreams , his imaginations and now he is known as an internet entrepreneur and philanthropist.
Imagination can lead us to sky from earth but it depends on our thinking whether we think positive or negative . if  we  imagine negative it can lead us to depression and if we imagine positive it can boost our energy and helps us to achieve our goals in life. Imagination  makes  our memory  more strong  like almost we all hear this quote that “Just an idea can change your life” and ideas came from imagination.
We start imagine things from our childhood . when  I  was child I used to observe things and imagine . we start fantasize things which we wants to be happen in real life. Fantasy is also a part of imagination and I think it’s the best part  Atleast  we become happy  for  a while  after  fantasize  things  which we love , which we want .  some  people  fantasize their whole life , which things they know that never going to be happen in real life but they still fantasize and become happy for a while .  many  movies , dramas and web series are based on fantasy .  some  of  them are real but most of them are on fantasy.
Imagination enhance our passion. As an adult our responsibilities become double , we have not much time for anything. In between these things we forget to live our favourite life. But we can imagine and imagination helps us to remembers our dreams our passion. As Albert Einstein said “Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life’s coming attractions”. We all can imagine but some of us have creativity power to imagine something creative and innovative and then work on it .sometimes we just get bored from our reality .  Acoording to today’s situation , we all know what is happening in the world . sometimes we just get tired of it . so we want some relax. We already know that this is not going to be fine soon , so we just imagine the situation for the the seconds which we actually want.
Imaginations  based on our situation , our imaginations  based on our situation , our surroundings, our environment .like we imagine from  those things which are present in our environment .  which has been done in our past . which we watch, the things from which we go through . Imaginations have many phases. Like one of them is visualization , in which we visualized things like maybe tomorrow will be the nice day for us . or  maybe  tomorrow will be the worst day and we visualized these things by observing the situation at that time and other one is suppose .  like we say for suppose we are studying in Australia , for suppose  we are living in abroad . Imagination can take us  anywhere  but it only depends on our  thinking .
In  today’s  world  everyone is  watching  social media  , movies , dramas  , fashion shows and many more and  then  imagine their lives. Some people make an effort to get better life  after imagine something and some of them just sit and only imagine. My point of view is we must imagine our entire life . we must imagine our passion . It boost our energy  to chase our dreams and passion.Imagination revolves around what we have and what we want. Our imagination and thoughts create our future where there is hope there is better chances to change your situation.


Revised,
Wrong file name .   
IMAGINATION
Article-Revised-RABIA NOOR 2K18/MC/124
Do you imagine your entire life that what is  going  to be happen in future?
We all know that only God knows what will be happen next  in our lives .  but  still we  imagine our present, we imagine our  future , we make  plans ,which boost our energy. It helps us to make goals in our lives.  The  best  example  is  ALLAMA  IQBAL’s  thought was to make a separate homeland (Pakistan), but he died .  Later  Quaid-e-Azam  fulfill  his dream. And the current example is Mark Zuckerberg. He was passionate about techonology . he always think and  want to connect people with each other by using  technology , so he did. He worked on his dreams , his imaginations and now he is known as an internet entrepreneur and philanthropist.
Imagination can lead us to sky from earth but it depends on our thinking whether we think positive or negative . if  we  imagine negative it can lead us to depression and if we imagine positive it can boost our energy and helps us to achieve our goals in life. Imagination  makes  our memory  more strong  like almost we all hear this quote that “Just an idea can change your life” and ideas came from imagination.
We start imagine things from our childhood . when  I  was child I used to observe things and imagine . we start fantasize things which we wants to be happen in real life. Fantasy is also a part of imagination and I think it’s the best part  Atleast  we become happy  for  a while  after  fantasize  things  which we love , which we want .  some  people  fantasize their whole life , which things they know that never going to be happen in real life but they still fantasize and become happy for a while .  many  movies , dramas and web series are based on fantasy .  some  of  them are real but most of them are on fantasy.
Imagination enhance our passion. As an adult our responsibilities become double , we have not much time for anything. In between these things we forget to live our favourite life. But we can imagine and imagination helps us to remembers our dreams our passion. As Albert Einstein said “Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life’s coming attractions”. We all can imagine but some of us have creativity power to imagine something creative and innovative and then work on it .sometimes we just get bored from our reality .  Acoording to today’s situation , we all know what is happening in the world . sometimes we just get tired of it . so we want some relax. We already know that this is not going to be fine soon , so we just imagine the situation for the the seconds which we actually want.
Imaginations  based on our situation , our imaginations  based on our situation , our surroundings, our environment .like we imagine from  those things which are present in our environment .  which has been done in our past . which we watch, the things from which we go through . Imaginations have many phases. Like one of them is visualization , in which we visualized things like maybe tomorrow will be the nice day for us . or  maybe  tomorrow will be the worst day and we visualized these things by observing the situation at that time and other one is suppose .  like we say for suppose we are studying in Australia , for suppose  we are living in abroad . Imagination can take us  anywhere  but it only depends on our  thinking .
In  today’s  world  everyone is  watching  social media  , movies , dramas  , fashion shows and many more and  then  imagine their lives. Some people make an effort to get better life  after imagine something and some of them just sit and only imagine. My point of view is we must imagine our entire life . we must imagine our passion . It boost our energy  to chase our dreams and passion.Imagination revolves around what we have and what we want. Our imagination and thoughts create our future where there is hope there is better chances to change your situation.



This is essay not article
Put some thing current relevant. Its too general, does not tell when, where what etc
Some figures facts, then give ur point of view
File name is wrong, writer's name is missing in text file
 Recall what was discussed and finalised
Send revised version till Feb 2

IMAGINATION

Do you imagine your entire life that what is  going  to be happen in future?

We all know that only God knows what will be happen next  in  our  lives .  but  still we imagine our present, we imagine our  future , we make  plans ,which boost our energy. It helps us to make goals in our lives.  The  best  example  is  ALLAMA  IQBAL’s  thought was to make a separate homeland (Pakistan), but he died .  Later  Quaid-e-Azam  fulfill  his dream.
Imagination can lead us to sky from earth but it depends on our thinking whether we think positive or negative . if  we  imagine negative it can lead us to depression and if we imagine positive it can boost our energy and helps us to achieve our goals in life. Imagination  makes  our memory  more strong  like almost we all hear this quote that “Just an idea can change your life” and ideas came from imagination.
We start imagine things from our childhood . when  I  was child I used to observe things and imagine . we start fantasize things which we wants to be happen in real life. Fantasy is also a part of imagination and I think it’s the best part  Atleast  we become happy  for  a while  after  fantasize  things  which we love , which we want .  some  people  fantasize their whole life , which things they know that never going to be happen in real life but they still fantasize and become happy for a while .  many  movies , dramas and web series are based on fantasy .  some  of  them are real but most of them are on fantasy.
Imagination is an art , a creativity . our lives are revolving around imagination .it is our main part of life without imagination we cannot do anything , like if we want something we imagine first .we imagine in every phase of our life like in love  , in hate , in passion and in every phase of our life. It is replica of something real.
We imagine things in both negative and  positive  ways .  but it is in our control what to imagine .  we people  imagine our  life after watching someone’s  good thing .  some one’s happy life , but it is in our hand that whether we imagine it in negative way that how happy someone’s life is , and after that we only thinks and lead to complexion , over thinking ,and depression. Or  whether  we  imagine in  positive way and try to do something to makes our lives better.
Imaginations   based on our situation , our imaginations  based on our situation , our surroundings, our environment .like we imagine from  those things which are present in our environment .  which has been done in our past . which we watch, the things from which we go through . Imaginations have many phases. Like one of them is visualization , in which we visualized things like maybe tomorrow will be the nice day for us . or  maybe  tomorrow will be the worst day and we visualized these things by observing the situation at that time and other one is suppose .  like we say for suppose we are studying in Australia , for suppose  we are living in abroad . Imagination can take us  anywhere  but it only depends on our  thinking .
In  today’s  world  everyone is  watching  social media  , movies , dramas  , fashion shows and many more and  then  imagine their lives. Some people make an effort to get better life  after imagine something and some of them just sit and only imagine.


Najaf Rajper- English, Article Revised

Revised
Editors pls check note below comments and see why it was referred back and has student followed the instruction? 
File name still wrong
Online Business in Pakistan
Najaf Rajper
Article English- Revised
Roll no: 2k18/MC/113
E-commerce or Online Business has revolutionised the modern business throughout the world giving new business opportunities.
 The convenience gained from Online Business had influenced both the businessman and consumers to switch from old retailer towards online shopping. As the internet population continues to grow, new sales businesses have evolved and we are seeing firms investing in online business as online stores are now becoming an essential part of their sales and marketing strategies.
The rise of online business has inspired many Retailers to setup online distribution networks as the system is more cheap, consumer-friendly and manageable in comparison with a traditional way, which requires an entirely different distribution model. A traditional distribution channel of customer goods in Pakistan normally entails a Manufacturer/Service Provider, Distributor/ Retailer/Branch, and Consumer. With the influx of online business new distribution business has evolved by which Manufacturers are enjoying the freedom to sell products to a large number of  buyers directly whereas customer could enjoy the independency to choose different alternates in small time on low cost.
Recently in these years when technology have increased and transformed the globe into global village, different businessman have left the old ways of businesses behind by investing in online businesses.
The majority of ideas no matter how good they might sound end up being a complete money-sucking nightmare due to expensive costs, slow scalability and low margins. Online businesses however, can be very appealing as they don’t have the traditional hurdles that most new enthusiasts face. 
The e-commerce started 40 years ago and it continues to grow with new technologies, innovations, and thousands of traditional businesses entering the online market each year. Electronic Data Interchanges and teleshopping in the 1970s built the way for the modern day e-commerce store. The history of e-commerce is closely entangled with the history of the internet. Online shopping only became possible when the internet was opened to the public in 1983.
This new opportunity attracted many business enthusiasts, from all over the globe.


Therefore E-commerce market in Pakistan has now been around for nearly 18 years. The first online store named Beliscity started in 2001 and even though it no longer exists today, other early stores such as Shophive (2005), Symbios (2006) and HomeShopping (2008), while each of these websites continues to serve its customers even today, none of them has blossomed into homegrown successes stories as the likes of Flipkart or Coupang.
In 2012 Rocket Internet decided to enter the Pakistani market. Within the first 6 months, they had already launched three start-ups namely Azmalo, Daraz and FoodPanda. Azmalo shut down within its first 2 months but  later came with a new vision as a drop-shipping that too eventually changed its name to Kaymu.
 Kaymu then went on to be acquired by Daraz in 2016. Daraz started as a fashion-focused portal and in early 2015 transitioned to a managed marketplace focused on all categories and was subsequently acquired by Alibaba in the summer of 2018. They also subsequently launched 5 other ventures which were eventually shut down.

The oldest foreign entrant is OLX, which started its operations in 2010 and continues to operate today. Other large global start-ups included Careem and Uber in 2015 and 2016 respectively. In the ride-hailing category, the largest local player is Bykea, and we have regional players such as Cheetay in Lahore.
Pakistani start-ups of note include, Rozee.pk which started as side project of Naseeb Networks in 2006, and Zameen.com, Pakistan’s largest property classified player, which also started up at around the same time in 2007. The oldest however is PakWheels which started in 2003, initially, as community forum for automobile enthusiasts in the country.

According to The World Bank, the number of people using internet in Pakistan has increased from 6.8% to 18% during 2007 to 2015. The number of people using internet in India increased from 3.95 % to 26% during the same period. 

Pakistan is ranked 19th out of 210 nations in terms of internet users with 30 million surfers. Being a under developed country, Pakistan still lacks infrastructure required for a well-established  business environment such as availability of internet, public awareness and lack of acceptance. But despite the fact, an increased acceptance for online shopping in Pakistan. In past few years, many online business offering food, electronics, clothing and even rides. Older Industries that once heavily relied on a traditional brick-and-mortar system are now setting up direct links with customers by changing the demand of any intermediary support.

As the market is changing and modernizing we should follow modern ways of doing businesses and different laws should be made and implemented to protect the privacy of customers and should limit the frauds too.

Revised

Online Business in Pakistan
Najaf Rajper
Article English- Revised
Roll no: 2k18/MC/113
Online business in Pakistan is growing day by day and more sites are coming on the surface with new and different ideas of entrepreneurship. Pakistani internet user base is growing day by day and creating many opportunities for the customers and the businessman.
Pakistan have been home to different online business websites like,
·         500mein.pk.
·         Daraz.pk.
·         Kaymu.pk.
·         OLX.com.pk.
·         Buyon.pk.
·         Getnow.pk.
·         Bazarpk.com.
·         Homeshopping.pk.
Recently in these years when technology have increased and transformed the globe into global village, different entrepreneurs have left the traditional ways of businesses behind by investing in online businesses.
The majority of ideas no matter how good they might sound end up being a complete money-sucking nightmare due to expensive costs, slow scalability and low margins. Online businesses however, can be very appealing as they don’t have the traditional hurdles that most new enthusiasts face. 
The e-commerce started 40 years ago and it continues to grow with new technologies, innovations, and thousands of traditional businesses entering the online market each year. Electronic Data Interchanges and teleshopping in the 1970s built the way for the modern day e-commerce store. The history of e-commerce is closely entangled with the history of the internet. Online shopping only became possible when the internet was opened to the public in 1983.
This new opportunity attracted many business enthusiasts, from all over the globe.
One of the most successful online business of this era is Alibaba, it was founded in 1999 by a English teacher, Jack Ma, who scraped together $80,000 from 80 investors to start an online marketplace for Chinese companies. He became the richest man in China and his estimated net worth has topped 
Another successful online business emerged in USA, in 1995, Amazon officially opens for business as an online bookseller. Within a month, the fledgling retailer had shipped books to all 50 U.S. states and to 45 countries. Founder Jeff Bezos’s motto was “get big fast,” and Seattle-based Amazon eventually morphed into an e-commerce colossus, selling everything from groceries to furniture to live ladybugs, and helping to revolutionize the way people shop.

Therefore E-commerce market in Pakistan has now been around for nearly 18 years. The first online store named Beliscity started in 2001 and even though it no longer exists today, other early stores such as Shophive (2005), Symbios (2006) and HomeShopping (2008), while each of these websites continues to serve its customers even today, none of them has blossomed into homegrown successes stories as the likes of Flipkart or Coupang.
In 2012 Rocket Internet decided to enter the Pakistani market. Within the first 6 months, they had already launched three start-ups namely Azmalo, Daraz and FoodPanda. Azmalo shut down within its first 2 months but  later came with a new vision as a drop-shipping that too eventually changed its name to Kaymu.
 Kaymu then went on to be acquired by Daraz in 2016. Daraz started as a fashion-focused portal and in early 2015 transitioned to a managed marketplace focused on all categories and was subsequently acquired by Alibaba in the summer of 2018. They also subsequently launched 5 other ventures which were eventually shut down.

The oldest foreign entrant is OLX, which started its operations in 2010 and continues to operate today. Other large global start-ups included Careem and Uber in 2015 and 2016 respectively. In the ride-hailing category, the largest local player is Bykea, and we have regional players such as Cheetay in Lahore.

Other large Pakistani start-ups of note include, Rozee.pk which started as side project of Naseeb Networks in 2006, and Zameen.com, Pakistan’s largest property classified player, which also started up at around the same time in 2007. The oldest however is PakWheels which started in 2003, initially, as a community forum for automobile enthusiasts in the country.
As there is ease and comfort, there are different frauds too like, Most online shopping scams are essentially ordering a product and never receiving the product, so you paid the money and you received nothing in return. Some of the most common items involved in scams are pets and pet supplies, cosmetics, clothing and health care. But Broker went beyond just selling knockoff glasses. Some customers never received their orders though their credit cards had been charged. Those who dared to complain or ask for a refund found themselves on the receiving end of exorbitant “restocking” or “cancellation” fees. And if they objected, things got even worse. That percentage has nearly doubled in just the last five years. But even as we become more and more comfortable with the process, experts warn the internet is still fraught with risks. 

Over the past year, e-commerce websites have started working and are keeping a good standard. Pakistan’s e-commerce industry is becoming more stable. keeping this progress in mind government should deal with online fraudulent with iron hands. 
According to me government should make laws regarding the frauds of online business as it is growing on a massive scale and a quality business should prevail.


We need local context, what is tend in Pakistan and changes
Put some local and interesting in the intro


Online Business
Name: Najaf Rajper
Roll no: 2k18/MC/113

Business have been in demand and individuals have found unique business ideas, but recently in these years when technology have increased and transformed the globe into global village, different entrepreneurs have left the traditional ways of businesses behind by investing in online businesses.
The majority of ideas, it doesn’t matter how good they might sound, it ends up being a complete money-sucking nightmare due to expensive costs, slow scalability and low margins. Online businesses however, can be very appealing as they don’t have the traditional hurdles that most new enthusiasts face.
E-commerce have started 40 years ago and it continues to grow with new technologies, innovations, and thousands of traditional businesses entering the online market each year. Electronic Data Interchanges and teleshopping in the 1970s paved the way for the modern day e-commerce store. The history of e-commerce is closely entangled with the history of the internet. Online shopping only became possible when the internet was opened to the public in 1983.
This new opportunity attracted many business enthusiasts, from all over the globe.
One of the most successful online business of this century is Alibaba, it was founded in 1999 by a English teacher, Jack Ma, who scraped together $80,000 from 80 investors to start an online marketplace for Chinese companies. He became the richest man in China and his estimated net worth has topped
Another successful online business emerged in USA, in 1995, Amazon officially opens for business as an online bookseller. Within a month, the fledgling retailer had shipped books to all 50 U.S. states and to 45 countries. Founder Jeff Bezos’s motto was “get big fast,” and Seattle-based Amazon eventually morphed into an e-commerce colossus, selling everything from groceries to furniture to live ladybugs, and helping to revolutionise the way people shop.
History of E-commerce in Pakistan
E-commerce market in Pakistan has now been around for nearly 18 years. The first online store named Beliscity started in 2001 and even though it no longer exists today, other early stores such as Shophive (2005), Symbios (2006) and HomeShopping (2008), while each of these websites continues to serve its customers even today, none of them has blossomed into homegrown successes stories as the likes of Flipkart or Coupang.
In 2012 Rocket Internet decided to enter the Pakistani market. Within the first 6 months, they had already launched three ventures namely Azmalo, Daraz and FoodPanda. Azmalo shut down within its first 2 months but was later re-envisioned as a drop-shipping that too eventually changed its name to Kaymu. Kaymu then went on to be acquired by Daraz in 2016. Daraz started as a fashion-focused portal and in early 2015 transitioned to a managed marketplace focused on all categories and was subsequently acquired by Alibaba in the summer of 2018. They also subsequently launched 5 other ventures which were eventually shut down.

The oldest foreign entrant is OLX, which started its operations in 2010 and continues to operate today. Other large global start-ups included Carem and Uber in 2015 and 2016 respectively. In the ride-hailing category, the largest local player is Bykea, and we have regional players such as Cheetay in Lahore.

Other large Pakistani startups of note include, Rozee.pk which started as side project of Naseeb Networks in 2006, and Zameen.com, Pakistan’s largest property classified player, which also started up at around the same time in 2007. The oldest however is PakWheels which started in 2003, initially, as a community forum for automobile enthusiasts in the country.
As there is ease and comfort, there are different frauds too like, Most online shopping scams are essentially ordering a product and never receiving the product, so you paid the money and you received nothing in return. Some of the most common items involved in scams are pets and pet supplies, cosmetics, clothing and health care. But Broker went beyond just selling knock-off glasses. Some customers never got their orders even though their credit cards had been charged. Those who dared to complain or ask for a refund had themselves on the receiving end of unreasonable “restocking” or “cancellation” fees. And if they objected, things got even worse. That percentage has nearly doubled in just the last five years. But even as we become more and more comfortable with the process, experts warn the internet is still fraught with risks.
Over the past year, many e-commerce websites have started working and are keeping a good standard. Pakistan’s e-commerce industry is becoming more stable. keeping this progress in mind government should deal with online fraudulent with iron hands.
According to me government should make laws regarding the frauds of online business as it is growing on a massive scale and a quality business should prevail.

Saifullah, English, Article

Revised

ARTICLE REVISED
SAIFULLAH
BS-III 2k18/MC/132
ENGLISH

INFLATION EFFECTS ON THE POOR                        
 PEOPLE IN PAKISTAN 

INFLATION IS LIKE A SIN; EVERY GOVERNMENT DENOUNCES IT  AND EVERY      GOVERNMENT PRACTICES IT
                                                            (FREDERICK LEITH-ROSS)

In economic terms inflation is the generally rise in the prices of goods or services as the price of good or services rises, the purchasing power of the public decreases. Inflation is likely to devalue a country’s monitory unit as it rises; it is never a positive sign for a country’s economic stability.

Although inflation effects every class of the society whether it be rich or traders but mostly it affects poor people, because as the prices of goods and services rises,  the heavy taxes are levied by government on masses especially GST which is applied on basic things that are regularly used by poor people in their daily life,  it destabilizes their monthly or yearly budget, as a result those who cannot bear the basic expenses they use lawless paths, violent activities such as stealing, robbery, kidnapping by ransom . Poor people who cannot afford even a normal life because of inflation also commit suicides to get rid of these problems.

Inflation rate in Pakistan at the starting of the year 2019 was 7.2% which increased to 8.2% in February 2019. We saw a hike in inflation rate during several months of the year it reached to 12.6% in September 2019; it ended the year with highest 12.42% in December 2019.

As compared to the end 2018 the rate of inflation was 5.08% and in 2017 the same ratio was 4.09%, thus 2019 saw a formidable hike in inflation rise compare to past few years.

There are few reasons that can cause inflation:

Corruption is one of the main reasons it is like a cancer to society, it has a big impact on a country’s economy.  It increases unemployment, decreases useful resources that will surely result in inflation, corrupt bureaucrat’s misappropriation of tax revenue, which decrease the total amount of revenue that a government has, which gap than is likely to be filled with heavy taxes that are levied upon general public. Which increase inflation at a serious rate.

Unfortunately we haven’t created that much resources in the recent times, even the precious resources like water have been drastically decreased, same applies to the resources such as food, energy. In addition to that the industrial and agricultural resources are not functionally active. In result  the youth has been deprived of employment opportunities.The Demand and supply equilibrium doesn’t occurs, low supply and higher demand brings increase in prices, this factor contributes to inflation in a massive way.

Another major factor that contributes the inflation is foreign loan. As our economic situation has not been stable for the last decade or so, almost every government has reached to neighbors, allies or other developing countries and other organizations Such as IMF for loans. These countries and organizations provide loan on some terms and condition, one of these condition is to impose heavy taxes on general public. So more the loans government begged, the rate of inflation rises higher.

There are few steps that need to be taken to handle inflation. The government should increase income tax on business tycoons and other overprivilged people and cut off spending, it will boost economy, serious attempt must be made to strengthen countries monitory unit . Wages expanses should also be halved to reduce expenses and austerity must be brought into the highest level in every department of the country. The exports must be increased and imports need to be decreased, the ease of doing business policies must be brought in market to emphasize investors.

In a nutshell inflation is one of the biggest problem this country has been effected with the last couple of the years, it is impossible to bring prosperity and harmony in the country without eliminating inflation from our societies, let’s hope that in coming years we will get rid of these crises.


                                                       

  




writer's name in text file missing 
INFLATION EFFECTS ON PEOPLE of  PAKISTAN
SAIFULLAH BS-III 2k18/MC/132 ENGLISH
 
 

INFLATION IS LIKE A SIN; EVERY GOVERNMENT DENOUNCES IT  AND EVERY      GOVERNMENT PRACTICES IT
                                                            (FREDERICK LEITH-ROSS)

In economic terms inflation is the generally rise in the prices of goods or services as the price of good or services rises, the purchasing power of the public decreases. Inflation is likely to devalue a country’s monitory unit as it rises; it is never a positive sign for a country’s economic stability.

Although inflation effects every class of the society whether it be rich or traders but mostly it affects poor people, because as the prices of goods and services rises,  the heavy taxes are levied by government on masses especially GST which is applied on basic things that are regularly used by poor people in their daily life,  it destabilizes their monthly or yearly budget, as a result those who cannot bear the basic expenses they use lawless paths, violent activities such as stealing, robbery, kidnapping by ransom . Poor people who cannot afford even a normal life because of inflation also commit suicides to get rid of these problems.

Inflation rate in Pakistan at the starting of the year 2019 was 7.2% which increased to 8.2% in February 2019. We saw a hike in inflation rate during several months of the year it reached to 12.6% in September 2019; it ended the year with highest 12.42% in December 2019.

As compared to the end 2018 the rate of inflation was 5.08% and in 2017 the same ratio was 4.09%, thus 2019 saw a formidable hike in inflation rise compare to past few years.

There are few reasons that can cause inflation:

Corruption is one of the main reasons it is like a cancer to society, it has a big impact on a country’s economy.  It increases unemployment, decreases useful resources that will surely result in inflation, corrupt bureaucrat’s misappropriation of tax revenue, which decrease the total amount of revenue that a government has, which gap than is likely to be filled with heavy taxes that are levied upon general public. Which increase inflation at a serious rate.

[As we have witnessed an increase in our country’s population over the years, unfortunately we haven’t created that much resources for our population even the precious resources like water have been drastically decreased, same applies to the resources such as food, energy. In addition to that the industrial and agricultural resources are not functionally active as compared to our population. In result to that the youth has been deprived of employment opportunities, this factor contribute to inflation in a massive way. [population rate is not cuase of inflation]

Another major factor that contributes the inflation is foreign loan. As our economic situation has not been stable for the last decade or so, almost every government has reached to neighbors, allies or other developing countries and other organizations Such as IMF for loans. These countries and organizations provide loan on some terms and condition, one of these condition is to impose heavy taxes on general public. So more the loans government begged, the rate of inflation rises higher.

There are few steps that need to be taken to handle inflation. The  government should increase income tax on business tycoons and other overprivilged people and cut off spending, it will boost economy, serious attempt  must be made to strengthen countries monitory unit . Wages expanses should also be halved to reduce expenses and austerity must be brought into the highest level in every department of the country. The exporters must be increased and imports need to be decreased, the ease of doing business policies must be brought in market to emphasize investors.

In a nutshell inflation is one of the biggest problem this country has been affected with the last couple of the years, it is impossible to bring prosperity and harmony in the country without eliminating inflation from our societies, let’s hope that in coming years we will get rid of these crises.